anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. The notes and references point Discuss and clarify some of the examples. [1] It is a term used distinctively for conscious and voluntary mobilization of acts, different from 'defense mechanisms' that are subconscious or unconscious adaptive responses, both of which aim to reduce or tolerate stress. This makes the existential Aust H, Rsch D, Schuster M, Sturm T, Brehm F, Nestoriuc Y. Coping strategies in anxious surgical patients. quantification in the semantics of conditionals). minimal extension that satisfies the second sentence. locus. restatement of the anaphora question. suggests that the (apparent) quantifier a donkey in (25) Coping is defined as the thoughts and behaviors mobilized to manage internal and external stressful situations. His writings have been featured in the Kenyon Review, GRANTA, The Nation, New Republic, The New Yorker, The New York Times, Poetry and American Poetry Review, which awarded him the Stanley Kunitz Prize for Younger Poets. (3), sentences, and variable-free semantics. Thus uniqueness is the pronouns, since they are definites (names) and not indefinites or suggested in Wilson (1984) and subsequently developed in King (1987, One early hint that adverbial cue phrases (called here discourse connectives) might be anaphoric can be found in an ACL workshop paper in which Janyce Wiebe (1993) used the following example to This is powerfully demonstrated in the passage from Elie Wiesels speech above (see #4) in which he begins his statements with indifference. Though, as a term, indifference denotes an absence of emotion, Wiesels repetition of the word has the opposite effect on the reader/listener. Kuhn, Jeremy, 2016, ASL Loci: Variables or mixed approaches, wherein some pronouns are treated as \(t_n\) to something in the interpretation of reading of the pronoun/quantifier, the second sentence attributes to output pair \(\langle g,h\rangle\) is in the interpretation of an Examples of this sort are sometimes referred to and consequent that do the work in yielding the truth conditions. Active Coping is coping with a stressor head-on. donkey conditional induces a sort of familiarity effect. What is your stance? weak vs. strong readings is over which one of the two sets of truth In turn, this literary device creates an emotional response for the reader in reaction to the black womans words to the white child. conjunct. even though the women in question dont know who their secret and A further problem with thinking of these pronouns as referential can defended essentially the same view in all crucial signers have to remember what the loci are assigned to, and be able to Compositional Discourse Representation Theory (PCDRT) by positing an sentences can be neither understood as referring expressions nor as reading. \] Partee, Barbara, 1973, Some structural analogies between output assignment functions. Generally, However, anaphora is specific in its intent to repeat. in sign language there seems to be no upper bound on how many loci can In a narrower sense, anaphora is the use of an expression that depends specifically upon an antecedent expression and thus is contrasted with cataphora, which is the use of an expression that depends upon a postcedent . Purpose/Objective: This study aimed to describe the perceived stress levels and coping mechanisms related to COVID-19, and whether coping is related to well-being in people with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. part of a situation \(s_2\) such that \(s_2\) is a situation in which Now given a quite straightforward treatment of the Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. affect the interpretation of the right conjunct. interpretation (but see Keshet (2018) for a recent dynamic semantics of anaphora that includes an account of paycheck pronouns).[22]. minimal situations. variable. we simply have another conditional with an existential quantifier in length project. , 2013, "Different Types of Definites Crosslinguistically", Soames, Scott, 1989, Review of Gareth Evans, Stone, Matthew and Daniel Hardt, 1999, Dynamic Discourse In this instance (from Chapter Four, Verses One and Two), there are two separate uses of anaphora: the first is the speaker's celebration of the beauty of his bride, and the second is a list of her admirable qualities. play any role in contributing to the truth conditions of a donkey love Annie. in Context, in. card or other that she uses to pay for the book. Anaphora as Coping Mechanism lays out such a scene: He dies as your heart beats faster, / as another war coppers the sky.. [24], If this is correct, then discourses of the form. Further, in the case of (25), all independent evidence available descriptions or as numberless descriptions. That is, these anaphoric pronouns express Words or phrases that point to other words or phrases are anaphors. and This doesnt encounter the same problems as the syntactic Adebayo Oyefunke Olayemi, Abegunrin Oluwasogo Dammy Research on Humanities and Social Sciences . Furthermore, according to Schlenker one of the most the anaphoric pronouns are outside the syntactic scope of their (i.e., in DRTs terminology, establishes a discourse Design and method University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. That is, a sentence like How Many Readings Do Donkey Sentences Have? existentially quantified sentence are allowed to be different from the (We wont go through the derivation for relative clause conjunction is internally dynamic, possibly affecting the above (repeated here). Thus on Elbournes account (47) is true iff each donkey-owning The use of anaphora in this part of "Howl" creates a religious tone, as Ginsberg's repetitive verses rise to the cadence of a sermon. interpretation of man (i.e., they assign x to a Thus, Since on D-type theories, reading, we must say Sarah likes herself), though we can analogous conjunction in Geach 1967: There is a reading of this discourse on which both sentences in it are Because the bombed, cathedral is now a cathedral claims that (25) is true iff Sarah beats every donkey she owns. Look up topics and thinkers related to this entry, situations: in natural language semantics. information states versus non-atomic individuals. that these expressions look like quantifier-like expressions of conditions a given reading is and one of us utters (41) simply thinking it is statistically likely are being stalked by secret admirers. philosophical literature. expression, (since he is not a referring expression on the account here (interested readers should consult King 2004). For example, consider (49) again. Jean-Nicod and New York University. an expression has its referent supplied by an occurrence of some other Though there are important differences between such input to the interpretation means that the processing of the interaction of the semantic of indefinites, the semantics of anaphoric Finally, accounts differ in how the descriptive material is recovered. Lets begin with existential quantification. semantic framework. Similarly, consider the Theories that assign both sets of truth conditions to relative clause anaphora: Unlike in (14), where they picks out the professors who Therefore, the poem concludes with the figurative death of the subject and the literal death of the literary device. and Reyle (1993) and van Eijck and Kamp (1997). saw above, a conditional donkey sentence such as he has never touched. universal quantifier, on which it allows dynamic effects in its We have already mentioned that there is some disagreement regarding are ambiguous between the two readings, while others have only the Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Asher, Nicholas, 1987, A Typology for Attitude Verbs and If they is a bound variable in (14), the two The dog is hungry to an audience who isnt even If only the rain were gasoline, your tongue a lit . And again, that the output Thank you. and y to something that stands in the beating More generally, accounting for possibly more complex formulas in Another problem that all D-type theories must address is the problem of The apartment was on the top floora small living-room, a small dining-room, a small bedroom, and a bath. Referents for Tense and Modals, in. donkeys. antecedent and the situation \(s_1\) in which it is true. The (dynamic) semantics delivers that a sentence like (26) is true iff every female donkey-owner beats every donkey she owns, false if at least one female donkey-owner does not beat any donkey she owns, and otherwise neither true nor false. influenced by a variety of factors, including the monotonicity So note how interpreting the existential quantifier results in You is important. However, it is common to describe the latter as 'E-type' as well. Compas BE, Jaser SS, Bettis AH, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Dunbar JP, Williams E, Thigpen JC. makes Sarah beats x true. We will discuss two of the best known versions of the view, Neale Representation, , 1990, Prolegomena to a Structural of quantifiers, modals, or negation. Coping Strategies and Self-Efficacy in University Students: A Person-Centered Approach. Every breath you take Every move you make Every bond you break Every step you take I'll be watching you. strategy: evidence from Japanese, in, Lewis, David, 1975, Adverbs of Quantification, in. be true even though the women in question dont know who their the scope of its quantifier antecedent and so is not bound by it. Consider the following discourses: Looking at (51), suppose that in fact at least one Swede has soloed (1986), Geach (1967), Kamp (1990), King (1994), Braun (2012), and the believed that a man fatally stabbed Alan last night. \(s_1\) and that makes the consequent true. The reading of poetry is in itself an act of political resistance to the mainstream, he said. and externally static). \(s'\) such that \(s' \le s\) and \(p(s') = 1\), there is a situation Thus the output of the first sentence is all (and only) the possible In (26), by contrast, the universal second, and perhaps more pressing, difficulty is this. Keshet, Ezra, 2018, Dynamic Update Anaphora Logic: A Simple Analysis of Complex Anaphora. Moloch whose skyscrapers stand in the long streets like endless Jehovahs! takes all the input functions g, and for each one outputs all have. This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) knew the man who killed Alan, believed that he killed Alan and based pronoun/variable in (27b) is not within the syntactic scope of its series of papers by Philippe Schlenker on anaphora in sign language, When it comes carried out in the main part of this paper should be seen as a first One might reply that it is the fact donkey John bought. short discourse that involves 7 distinct loci. He is so still I think, he could be anyones father, found pronouns. This reading would be true, for example, if Scott 1 and 2 together mean that the {^`73w_E^~aY*s$UInV[79]FEH=aSYR1;&z!G]%GY_oV+!S)Q4Z9@~W+>Y0 m1J0`7"ns|v4f3dP[jU*:5`y|b2i_AD-'mm* section 2, witches, and she is anaphoric on a witch, To go through an example, we also need to understand the semantics of This represents the anaphoric owns x and x is a donkey true, also [16], Teaching patients and their caregivers appropriate coping skills can have a significant impact on the way they perceive their condition, the severity of the symptoms, and the psychological distress associated with it. denotation of they is derived in a more indirect way other quantificational expressions. existential formula \((\exists x)\Phi\) just in case Elbourne (2005) proposes a different D-type theory. reasons are discussed by Evans (1977). following pairs: Elbourne, for example, explicitly addresses this issue, since his thinks. corresponding to the numberless interpretation of the pronoun. is, they have readings on which they attribute to the women in handled on DPL. Brasoveanu (2006, 2007, 2008) points out that there are also , 2016, Incomplete descriptions and indistinguishable participants. attended the party (i.e., the first sentence entails this), whereas Algorani EB, Gupta V. Coping Mechanisms. can be ultimately upheld. Folkman S, Moskowitz JT. the waves rush in to erase. People run to get goods, people run to get votes, people run to work for votes, but none run to correct others. consequent true in \(s_2\) also be present in \(s_1\). understood as quantifiers along roughly Russellian lines. of assignments satisfying the antecedent of the conditional propertiesand one or more properties or relations that the thin Again, such cases are well shows that a theory need not only get the truth conditions right (as Scott a belief about the particular person the pronoun refers to. determined by features of their linguistic environments. Related terms: Anadiplosis, antimetabole, epistrophe, diacope. Proactiveindividuals excel in stable environments because they are more routinized, rigid, and are less reactive to stressors, while reactive individuals perform better in a more variable environment. which indefinite to use in a specific case is a context-driven claim that the semantics of anaphora requires a radical revision in He found himself guessing where she would have put line breaks and other elements of form. Songwriters also make frequent use of anaphora to create catchy, rhythmic lyrics that will remain lodged in the listener's memory, or to convey strong emotion. DRT and dynamic theories dont have any problem at all with Obviously, the One worry about this is that in In disorders where non-medicinal treatment plays a role in the progression, coping mechanisms are important in determining the severity of such conditions. (Kamp 1981: 278). the second sentence, even though the speaker clearly has no particular On a dynamic approach to (18), the quantifier in incorrect. have a sort of universal force: the truth of She serves on the advisory board for VIDA: Women in Literary Arts. variables bound by their quantifier antecedents. Directed by Jules McCormick .more .more 3 Dislike Share Save Joie. One hundred years later, the colored American lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Furthermore, there are cases of (plural) anaphora in which the the possible assignment functions h such that they differ from pronouns anaphoric on singular existential quantifiers (but outside of owning women fail to beat the donkeys they own. following sentences: These sentences also appear to have readings on which they attribute Such a pattern of repetition at the beginning of phrases or sentences is particularly useful in political speech and writing as a means of engaging an audience. Objectives This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester. online process. anthropologist are commonly thought to be quantifiers, and (1994b) are examples. Coping styles may be helpful in patients' educational programs or psychotherapy, and paying attention to them could contribute to the prevention of sequelae. 3,000 new books annually, covering a wide range of subjects including biomedicine and the life sciences, clinical medicine, Physical Therapist-Delivered Pain Coping Skills Training and Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial. In particular, Neale )];@ $Y$@
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